Geological hazards refer to natural processes or phenomena in the Earth's crust that have the potential to cause harm or damage to humans, property, and the environment. These hazards include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tsunamis, and sinkholes. Research in this area aims to understand the underlying causes of these hazards, predict their occurrence, and mitigate their effects through hazard mapping, early warning systems, and land use planning. By studying geological hazards, researchers can help communities better prepare for and respond to these potentially destructive events.